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Radar Horizon Formula:
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Radar horizon distance is the maximum distance at which a radar can detect objects at sea level due to the curvature of the Earth. It represents the limit where objects become invisible to radar because they are below the horizon.
The calculator uses the radar horizon formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the distance to the radar horizon in nautical miles based on the height of the radar antenna.
Details: Accurate radar horizon calculation is crucial for maritime navigation, air traffic control, and military operations to determine the effective detection range of radar systems and plan surveillance coverage.
Tips: Enter the antenna height in feet above sea level. The value must be a positive number greater than zero.
Q1: Why is the constant 1.23 used in the formula?
A: The constant 1.23 accounts for standard atmospheric refraction which bends radar waves slightly downward, effectively extending the radar horizon beyond the geometric horizon.
Q2: What units does this calculator use?
A: The calculator uses feet for antenna height and returns results in nautical miles, which are standard units in maritime and aviation applications.
Q3: Does this formula work for all radar frequencies?
A: This formula provides a good approximation for most radar frequencies, though extremely high-frequency radars might have slightly different propagation characteristics.
Q4: How does target height affect radar detection?
A: The formula calculates the horizon from the radar's perspective. For targets above sea level, the total detection range would be the sum of the radar horizon and the target's horizon.
Q5: Are there limitations to this calculation?
A: This calculation assumes standard atmospheric conditions. Abnormal refraction conditions (such as ducting or sub-refraction) can significantly alter actual radar propagation.