1. What is pH Calculation?

pH calculation determines the acidity or basicity of a solution by measuring the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with lower values indicating acidic solutions and higher values indicating basic solutions.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (M)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (M). The value must be greater than 0. For very small concentrations, use scientific notation (e.g., 1e-7 for 0.0000001).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the pH of pure water?
A: Pure water has a hydrogen ion concentration of 1×10⁻⁷ M, giving it a pH of 7, which is neutral.

Q2: What pH values indicate acidity and basicity?
A: pH values below 7 indicate acidic solutions, pH 7 is neutral, and pH values above 7 indicate basic (alkaline) solutions.

Q3: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very concentrated strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very concentrated strong bases, pH can be greater than 14.

Q4: How does temperature affect pH?
A: Temperature affects the dissociation of water, changing the neutral point. At 100°C, neutral pH is about 6.14 instead of 7.0.

Q5: What are some common pH values?
A: Lemon juice: ~2.0, Vinegar: ~3.0, Coffee: ~5.0, Milk: ~6.5, Blood: ~7.4, Baking soda: ~8.5, Ammonia: ~11.0.