1. What is the NOAA Sun Position Formula?

The NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) sun position formula calculates the azimuth angle of the sun based on hour angle, latitude, and declination. This is essential for solar energy applications, navigation, and astronomical observations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the NOAA azimuth formula:

Where:

• \( H \) — Hour angle (degrees)
• \( \varphi \) — Latitude (degrees)
• \( \delta \) — Declination (degrees)

Explanation: The formula calculates the compass direction from which sunlight is coming, measured clockwise from true north.

3. Importance of Sun Position Calculation

Details: Accurate sun position calculation is crucial for solar panel orientation, architectural design, photography, agricultural planning, and various scientific applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hour angle, latitude, and declination in degrees. All values must be valid numerical inputs within their respective ranges.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is hour angle in sun position calculations?
A: Hour angle is the angular distance of the sun east or west of the local meridian, with 15° representing one hour of time.

Q2: How is declination determined?
A: Solar declination varies throughout the year between approximately ±23.45° and can be calculated based on the day of the year.

Q3: What does azimuth 0° represent?
A: An azimuth of 0° indicates the sun is directly north, though this typically only occurs in specific locations and times.

Q4: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: The formula provides theoretical values and may not account for atmospheric refraction, elevation, or local terrain effects.

Q5: How accurate is the NOAA sun position calculation?
A: The NOAA formulas are generally accurate to within 0.5° for most applications when proper inputs are provided.